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Glossary

alpine zone

The area which is above the tree line.

atomic clock

Very accurate clock which uses the known properties of certain atoms to record time.

cadastral maps

Maps which show who owns land.

cartography

The process of drawing or making maps.

coordinates

Angular or linear values that give the position of a point on a map.

contamination

Where something unwanted or harmful enters something useful e.g. sewage contaminating the drinking water.

covenants

Legal agreements to do with land use.

datum

A set of values used to define a specific geodetic system e.g. MSL - Mean Sea Level.

easements

The legal right to do something on your own or someone else's land.

elevation

The height above mean sea level.

erosion

Process of wearing away and transporting of rocks by wind, rain or ice. 

extensive farming

A type of farming where there are only a few animals over a large area of land.

freehold

Land owned in full (not leased or rented).

geocaching

A sport where people use GPS to hide and seek containers called caches or geocaches anywhere in the world.

geographic datum

A datum which is based on the Earth's centre of mass. The advantage of the geocentric datum is its direct compatibility with satellite-based navigation systems such as GPS.

geologist

A scientist trained in the study of the Earth. 

geology 

The science of the make-up, shape and history of the Earth. 

geospatial

To do with location.

geospatial data

Data or information about the location of specific things.

GPS

Global Positioning System - uses the known distance between satellites to calculate exact locations.

GIS

Geographic Information Systems - maps that combine sets of information.

hieracium

An invasive weed commonly known as hawkweed that is common in the high country.

hydrographic surveys

A survey which records the physical features of waterways.

high country

A mountainous area which is below the tree line.

hydrography

The science of measuring and describing the physical features of waterways.

infrastructure

Services such as roads and water systems.

intensive farming

A type of farming where there are a large number of animals over a small area of land eg intensive dairy farming

intermontane

An area between mountains eg the Mackenzie Basin. 

intersection

Sometimes called triangulation. Where the known angles and distance between points is used to calculate the location of a distant point.

latitude

Distance from the equator in degrees, shown as horizontal lines on a map.

longitude

Distance east or west from Greenwich, England, in degrees shown as vertical lines on a map.

Resource Consent Applications

Used to apply for the legal right to use a resource.

satellites

Objects which are sent into space to orbit the Earth and send and receive information.

slumping

When loosely consolidated materials or rock layers move a short distance down a slope.

strata

A particular layer of a rock.  

surveyors

People who specialise in making accurate measurements on the surface of the earth to make maps.

tenure review

The voluntary process that pastoral lease holders can go through to buy some of their land free hold and sell some land to the government so it can become conservation land.

theodolite

An optical instrument used by surveyors to measure angles to give exact locations of distant points.

topographic

The shape of the Earth's surface.

topographic map

Shows the shape of the surface, including altitude as well as natural and physical features - sometimes called a contour map.

trigonometry

A type of maths that measures the angles and sides of triangles and uses this information and set formula to find the unknown sides and angles. This type of maths can also be used to find the location of distant points.

utilities

Services such as water pipes and power lines.

viticulture

Grape vines grown for the production of wine.

wastewater

Used water that needs treatment such as sewage and grey water.

waymarking

An activity where people can locate and log interesting locations anywhere in the world.